magento-test/app/code/Magento/Checkout/Test/Mftf/ActionGroup/AssertStorefrontOrderIsNotPlacedActionGroup.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
 /**
  * Copyright © Magento, Inc. All rights reserved.
  * See COPYING.txt for license details.
  */
-->

<actionGroups xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:mftf:Test/etc/actionGroupSchema.xsd">
    <actionGroup name="AssertStorefrontOrderIsNotPlacedActionGroup" extends="AssertStorefrontOrderCannotBePlacedActionGroup">
        <annotations>
            <description>Validates order cannot be placed and checks error message.</description>
        </annotations>
        <remove keyForRemoval="assertErrorMessage"/>
        <seeElementInDOM selector="{{CheckoutHeaderSection.errorMessageContainsText(error)}}" stepKey="assertErrorMessageInDOM"/>
    </actionGroup>
</actionGroups>